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Megapixel CMOS image sensor fabricated in three-dimensional integrated circuit technology

June 19, 2005
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Conference Paper
Author:
Vyshnavi Suntharalingam
…
Published in:
2005 IEEE Int. Solid-Stat Circuits Conf. Digest of Technical Papers, Pt.1, 19-25 June 2005, p. 356-357.
Topic:
integrated circuit
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

In this paper a 3D integrated 1024x1024, 8um pixel visible image sensor fabricated with oxide-to-oxide wafer bonding and 2-um square 3-D-vias in every pixel is presented. The 150mm wafer technology integrates a low-leakage, deep-depletion, 100% fill factor photodiode layer to a 3.3-V, 0.35-um gate length fully depleted (FD) SOI CMOS readout circuit layer.
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Summary

In this paper a 3D integrated 1024x1024, 8um pixel visible image sensor fabricated with oxide-to-oxide wafer bonding and 2-um square 3-D-vias in every pixel is presented. The 150mm wafer technology integrates a low-leakage, deep-depletion, 100% fill factor photodiode layer to a 3.3-V, 0.35-um gate length fully depleted (FD) SOI CMOS...

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Megapixel CMOS image sensor fabricated in three-dimensional integrated circuit technology

Next-generation technologies to enable sensor networks

July 1, 2004
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Book Chapter
Author:
Joel I. Goodman
…
Published in:
Handbook of Sensor Networks, Chapter 2
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Examples are advances in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) processing, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), target discrimination, and electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM). All these advances have improved the capabilities of radar sensors. Major improvements expected in the next several years will come from exploiting collaborative network-centric architectures to leverage synergies among individual sensors. Such an approach has become feasible as a result of major advances in network computing, as well as communication technologies in both wireless and fiber networks. The exponential growth of digital technology, together with highly capable networks, enable in-depth exploitation of sensor synergy, including multi-aspect sensing. New signal processing algorithms exploiting multi-sensor data have been demonstrated in non-real-time, achieving improved performance against surface mobile targets by leveraging high-speed sensor networks. The paper demonstrates a significant advancement in exploiting complex ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to accurately geo-locate and identify mobile targets.
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Summary

Examples are advances in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) processing, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), target discrimination, and electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM). All these advances have improved the capabilities of radar sensors. Major improvements expected in the next several years will come from exploiting collaborative network-centric architectures to leverage synergies among individual...

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Next-generation technologies to enable sensor networks

Dynamic response of an electronically shuttered CCD imager

June 1, 2004
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Journal Article
Author:
Dennis D. Rathman
…
Published in:
IEEE. Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. 51, No. 6, June 2004, pp. 864-869.
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The dynamic response of an electronically shuttered charge-coupled device (CCD) imager to nanosecond voltage pulses has been investigated. Measurements show that the shutter can be dynamically opened and closed in nanosecond times. For the shutter opening, simulations indicate that the collection of photoelectrons occurs in times much shorter than that needed to form the steady-state depletion region under the CCD well. In addition, the shutter closing occurs faster than the reconstitution of the p-buried (shutter) layer. Simulations further indicate that electric fields created in the neutral substrate by the shutter clocks enable photogenerated charge collection/rejection on nanosecond time scales despite the fact that the depletion-region formation and collapse take much longer times.
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Summary

The dynamic response of an electronically shuttered charge-coupled device (CCD) imager to nanosecond voltage pulses has been investigated. Measurements show that the shutter can be dynamically opened and closed in nanosecond times. For the shutter opening, simulations indicate that the collection of photoelectrons occurs in times much shorter than that...

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Dynamic response of an electronically shuttered CCD imager

A constrained joint optimization approach to dynamic sensor configuration

November 3, 2002
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Conference Paper
Author:
Dana Sinno
…
Published in:
36th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Vol. 2, 3-6 November 2002, pp. 1179-1183.
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

Through intelligent integration of sensing and processing functions, the sensing technology of the future is evolving towards networks of configurable sensors acting in concert. Realizing the potential of collaborative real-time configurable sensor systems presents a number of challenges including the need to address a number of challenges including the need to address the massive global optimization problem resulting from incorporating a large array of control parameters. This paper proposes a systematic approach to addressing complex global optimization problems by constraining the problem to a set of key control parameters and recasting a mission-oriented goal into a tractable joint optimization formula. Using idealized but realistic physical models, a systematic methodology to approach complex multi-dimensional joint optimization problems is used to compute system performance bounds for dynamic sensor configurations.
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Summary

Through intelligent integration of sensing and processing functions, the sensing technology of the future is evolving towards networks of configurable sensors acting in concert. Realizing the potential of collaborative real-time configurable sensor systems presents a number of challenges including the need to address a number of challenges including the need...

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A constrained joint optimization approach to dynamic sensor configuration

Silicon-on-insulator-based single-chip image sensors: low-voltage scientific imaging

January 1, 2002
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Conference Paper
Author:
Vyshnavi Suntharalingam
…
Published in:
Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2002, pp. 91-98.
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

A low-voltage (
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Summary

A low-voltage (

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Silicon-on-insulator-based single-chip image sensors: low-voltage scientific imaging

Soft-x-ray CCD imagers for AXAF

October 1, 1997
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Journal Article
Author:
Barry E. Burke
…
Published in:
IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. 44, No. 10, October 1997, pp. 1633-1642.
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

We describe the key features and performance data of a 1024 x 1026-pixel frame-transfer imager for use as a soft-x-ray detector on the NASA X-ray observatory Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF). The four-port device features a floating-diffusion output circuit with a responsivity of 20/spl mu/V/e/sup -/ and noise of about 2 e/sup -/ at a 100-kHz data rate. Techniques for achieving the low sense-node capacitance of 5 fF are described. The CCD is fabricated on high-resistivity p-type silicon for deep depletion and includes narrow potential troughs for transfer inefficiencies of around 10/sup -7/ (ten to the negative 7). To achieve good sensitivity at energies below 1 keV, we have developed a back-illumination process that features low recombination losses at the back surface and has produced efficiencies of about 0.7 at 277 eV (carbon K/spl alpha/).
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Summary

We describe the key features and performance data of a 1024 x 1026-pixel frame-transfer imager for use as a soft-x-ray detector on the NASA X-ray observatory Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF). The four-port device features a floating-diffusion output circuit with a responsivity of 20/spl mu/V/e/sup -/ and noise of about...

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Soft-x-ray CCD imagers for AXAF

Summer 1992 Terminal area-Local Analysis and Prediction System (T-LAPS) evaluation

October 7, 1994
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Project Report
Author:
Steven R. Finch
…
Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-218
Topic:
sensors
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

The Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) is a development program initiated by the Federal Administration (FAA) to produce a fully automated, integrated terminal weather information system to improve the safety, efficiency and capacity of terminal area aviation operations. The ITWS will acquire data from FAA and National Weather Service sensors as well as from aircraft in flight in the terminal area. The ITWS will provide Air Traffic personnel with products that are immediately usable without further meteorological interpretation. Among the products are current terminal area weather, short-term (0-30 minute) predictions of significant weather phenomena, and the Terminal Winds product. The terminal winds product is the component of the ITWS which produces estimates of the horizontal winds on a three dimensional grid of points encompassing an airport terminal region. It uses information from a variety of sensors, including Doppler weather radars. In 1992, an operational test of an initial prototype Terminal Winds system was conducted at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory testbed in Orlando, FL. This report describes our evalution of the initial Terminal Winds prototype.
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Summary

The Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) is a development program initiated by the Federal Administration (FAA) to produce a fully automated, integrated terminal weather information system to improve the safety, efficiency and capacity of terminal area aviation operations. The ITWS will acquire data from FAA and National Weather Service sensors...

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Summer 1992 Terminal area-Local Analysis and Prediction System (T-LAPS) evaluation

Mode S surveillance netting

November 4, 1983
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Project Report
Author:
Jeffrey L. Gertz
Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-120
Topic:
mode S data links
R&D area:
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Summary

The surveillance performance of a single Mode S Sensor is degraded by several factors, including: poor crossrange accuracy at long range, diffraction-induced azimuth errors, missing of incomplete reports, and extraneous reports. The surveillance netting project reported here sought to overcome these difficulties by employing information from a secondary (and perhaps also a tertiary) sensor. The project was performed to determine what auxiliary information is most useful, how this information could be used for maximum effect, when help should be sought from other sensors, what form this inter-sensor communication should take, and where the netting algorithms should be implemented. It was also planned to include the construction of a real-time netting demonstration system to exercise and test the concepts developed. The central issue in this project was the approach to be used for multi-sensor azimuth determination. In particular, a new form of incremental bilateration, employing a flat earth model, is shown to be both accurate and bias-resistant. Altitude estimation methods and multi-sensor tracker design are also addressed, with new algorithms developed in each case. Finally, the deisgn of the netting subsystem for a Mode S sensor is presented.
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Summary

The surveillance performance of a single Mode S Sensor is degraded by several factors, including: poor crossrange accuracy at long range, diffraction-induced azimuth errors, missing of incomplete reports, and extraneous reports. The surveillance netting project reported here sought to overcome these difficulties by employing information from a secondary (and perhaps...

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Mode S surveillance netting

Mode S Beacon System: Functional Description (Revision B)

October 27, 1982
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Project Report
Author:
Vincent A. Orlando
…
Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-42,B
Topic:
mode S data links
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

This document provides a functional description of the Mode S Beacon System, a combined secondary surveillance radar (beacon) and ground-air-ground data link system capable of providing the aircraft surveillance and communications necessary to support ATC automation in future traffic environments. Mode S is capable of common-channel interoperation with the current ATC beacon system, and may be implemented at low user cost over an extended transition period. Mode S will provide the surveillance and commucation performance required by the ATC automation, the reliable communications needed to support data link services, and the capability of operating with a terminal or enroute, radar digitizer-equipped, ATC surveillance radar. The material contained in this document updates and expands the information presented in "DABS: A System Description", FAA-RD-74-189, November 1974 and "DABS: Functional Description," FAA-RD-80-41, April 1980.
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Summary

This document provides a functional description of the Mode S Beacon System, a combined secondary surveillance radar (beacon) and ground-air-ground data link system capable of providing the aircraft surveillance and communications necessary to support ATC automation in future traffic environments. Mode S is capable of common-channel interoperation with the current...

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Mode S Beacon System: Functional Description (Revision B)

TCAS I design guidelines

September 24, 1982
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Project Report
Author:
William H. Harman III
…
Published in:
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Report ATC-114
Topic:
collision avoidance
R&D area:
R&D group:

Summary

A description of the FAA airborne Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System known as TCAS I introduces the main topic of the report: results of an investigation of simple techniques suitable for the passive and active detection of nearby aircraft by TCAS I. This is followed by a review of the measurement facilities and data used to evaluate the detection techniques. Techniques for identifying passively detected returns from potentially threatening aircraft, i.e., the rejection or "filtering out" of non-threat aircraft, are described and evaluated. Alternatives for time-sharing the 1090 MHz channel between the TCAS I transponder and the passive detector are described. A candidate passive detector is defined and its performance is evaluated using flight test data. Predictions of the performance of a low-power TCAS I based on active detection are made via link calculations and flight test measurements. A summary of results concludes the report.
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Summary

A description of the FAA airborne Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System known as TCAS I introduces the main topic of the report: results of an investigation of simple techniques suitable for the passive and active detection of nearby aircraft by TCAS I. This is followed by a review of...

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TCAS I design guidelines
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